Gilroy, Patricia
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- Seaford Middle School
- Ch 7-Rome Sections 1-4
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SECTION 1
TEXTBOOK PAGES 175-177
ITALIAN PENINSULA
• SURROUNDED BY WATER ON 3 SIDES
• SHAPED LIKE A BOOT
• NEAR THE MIDDLE OF THE MEDITTEREAN SEA
• LAND IS MOUNTAINOUS-NOT AS RUGGED AS GREECE
• RICH FARMLAND
4 NATURAL REGIONS
1. ALPS-NORTH-SEPARATED ITALY FROM EUROPE-HIGH MOUNTAINS
2. APENNINES-LOWER MOUNTAIN RANGE-IT RUNS THE LENGTH OF THE PENINSULA
3. PO BASIN-SOUTH OF THE ALPS-WIDE FLAT LANDS SURROUNDED BY HIGHER LAND-DRAINED BY A RIVER
4. LONG NARROW PLAINS-WEST COAST-VERY FERTILE FARMLAND
WHO WERE THE EARLY ROMANS?
• LATINS-CAME FROM CENTRAL EUROPE-1000 B.C.
• ETRUSCANS-LIVED NORTH OF THE TIBER RIVER-900 B.C.-MAYBE CAME FROM ASIA MINOR OR GAUL
• GREEKS-SETTLED ON THE SOUTHERN COAST-750 B.C.
SECTION 2
TEXTBOOK PAGES 180-185
• TWIN BROTHERS-ROMULUS AND REMUS WERE BORN TO A PRINCESS IN A SMALL CITY
• THE CRUEL UNCLE WANTED TO RULE THIS CITY, SO HE PUT THE BOYS IN A BASKET AND SENT THEM DOWN THE TIBER RIVER TO DIE
ROMULUS AND REMUS
• LEGEND SAYS THAT THE BASKET DRIFTED ASHORE AND A SHE-WOLF TOOK CARE OF THE TWINS
• ROMULUS KILLED HIS BROTHER TO BECOME THE KING (OF ROME)
THE CITY THEY DRIFTED ASHORE ON WAS NAMED “ROME”
THE BIRTH OF A REPUBLIC
• 7 DIFFERENT KINGS WERE IN CONTROL OVER 91 YEARS
• 509 B.C. ROME SET UP A REPUBLIC WHERE THE CITIZENS HAD THE RIGHT TO CHOOSE THEIR LEADER
• ONLY THE MALE CITIZENS WITH PROPERTY AND MONEY COULD VOTE
• THIS WAS NOT A DEMOCRACY
SENATE
• LAWMAKING COUNCIL
• SENATORS ELECTED 2 PEOPLE TO SERVE AS CONSULS-THEY SHARED POWER EQUALLY
• THE CONSULS COMMANDED THE ARMY ALSO
• THEY COULD “VETO” (I FORBID) AN IDEA FOR A LAW
ROMAN SENATE
PATRICIANS
• THEY WERE THE ONLY SENATE MEMBERS
• RICH
• POWERFUL FAMILIES
PLEBIANS
• FARMERS, ARTISANS, MERCHANTS
• THEY COULD NOT PARTICIPATE IN THE GOVERNMENT EVENTHOUGH THEY WERE FREE
PLEBIANS DEMANDED MORE RIGHTS
• 494 B.C. THOUSANDS OF UNHAPPY PLEBIANS MARCHED OUT OF ROME
• THEY THREATENED TO BUILD THEIR OWN CITY UNLESS THEY GOT MORE RIGHTS
• THEY PROVED THEY WERE IMPORTANT-THE PATRICIANS NEEDED THEM AS WORKERS TRIBUNES
• THEY WERE ELECTED TO PROTECT THE PLEBIANS INTERESTS
• THERE WERE 10 THAT WERE ELECTED EACH YEAR
TWELVE TABLES
• WRITTEN CODE OF LAWS
• CARVED ON 12 BRONZE TABLETS
• PLACED ON THE WALLS OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS
• FOUNDATION OF ROMAN LAW
• PLEBIANS PROTESTED AND WON NEW RIGHTS
WHERE DID ROME EXPAND TO?
• 264 B.C.-ROMAN REPUBLIC RULED ALL OF THE PENINSULA
THERE WERE 3 IMPORTANT CENTERS OF POWER
1. ROME-GROWING REPUBLIC
2. ALEXANDRIA-IN EGYPT
3. CARTHAGE-TRADING CENTER-NORTHERN COAST OF AFRICA
THE PUNIC WARS
ROME VS. CARTHAGE
• CARTHAGE AND ROME HAD CLAIMS ON SICILY
• ROME WON AND GOT THE ISLANDS OF SICILY, SARDINIA AND CORSICA
• CARTHAGE HATED ROME FOR WINNING AND THEY VOWED TO GET EVEN
CARTHAGE GENERAL-HANNIBAL CROSSES THE ALPS
• WITH 60,000 SOLDIERS AND 60 ELEPHANTS TO ATTACK ROME
• WENT THROUGH SPAIN, GAUL AND THE ALPS
• WON 3 BATTLES AGAINST ROME
• WHILE HE WAS AWAY FROM CARTHAGE….HANNIBAL CROSSES THE ALPS
• A ROMAN GENERAL NAMED SCIPIO ATTACKED CARTHAGE
• THIS WAS KNOWN AS THE BATTLE OF ZAMA
• ROME WON AND CARTHAGE WAS DEFEATED
WHEN THE WARS ENDED…ROMAN LAWANDGOVERNMNETSPREAD ALL OVER THE
MEDITERREAN REGION
SECTION 3
TEXTBOOK PAGES 186-189
ROME GREW
• FROM A SMALL REPUBLIC INTO AN EMPIRE
• STRONG ROMAN GOVERNMENT
• TERRITORIES WERE DIVIDED INTO STATES
• EACH STATE WAS RULED BY A GOVERNOR
JULIUS CAESAR
• ROMAN PATRICIAN
• BORN IN 100 B.C.
• POPULAR GENERAL
• HIS TROOPS WERE EXTREMELY LOYAL
• WENT THROUGH GAUL AND CONQUERED LAND IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA
CAESAR HELPED CLEOPATRA
• CLEOPATRA WANTED TO OVER THROW THE PHARAOH OF EGYPT (HER BROTHER )
• CAESAR HELPED CLEOPATRA DEFEAT HER BROTHER
CAESAR APPOINTED “DICTATOR”
• A DICTATOR IS A RULER WITH ABSOLUTE POWER
• CASEAR TOOK POWER AWAY FROM THE SENATE AND THEY WERE VERY ANGRY
• CAESAR WORE A PURPLE ROBE-SIGNIFIES A KING
IDES OF MARCH
• SOOTHSAYER-PREDICTS THE FUTURE
• TOLD CAESAR “BEWARE OF THE IDES OF MARCH”
• CAESAR DID NOT PAY ATTENTION TO THIS WARNING
• ON MARCH 15TH….
• JULIUS CAESAR WAS KILLED AS HE WALKED TO THE SENATE
• SENATORS WITH DAGGERS STABBED HIM TO DEATH
• CAESARS LAST WORDS WERE “ET TU BRUTE!” WHICH MEANT “AND YOU ALSO, BRUTUS”
• BRUTUS WAS CAESARS FRIEND WHO HELPED TO KILL HIMAFTER CAESAR DIED, OCTAVIAN CAME TO POWER
• TERRIBLE UNREST
• CIVAL WAR THAT LASTED 17 YEARS
• 27 B.C. OCTAVIAN FINALLY WON THE WAR
“TRIUMPH”
• A PARADE FOR THE ROMAN ARMIES WHEN THEY RETURNED FROM WAR
• THEY BROUGHT GREAT WEALTH AND GLORY TO ROME
• AUGUSTUS RULED AT THIS TIMEOCTAVIAN
• OCTAVIAN WAS GIVEN THE NAME “AUGUSTUS” WHICH MEANS “GRAND” OR HONORED ONE
• RULED FOR 41 YEARS
OCTAVIAN AUGUSTUS SAID“I FOUND ROME A CITY OF BRICKS AND LEFT IT A CITY OF MARBLE”
OCTAVIAN RULED FROM 27 B.C TO A.D. 13
• INTELLIGENT
• RESPECTED THE SENATE
• CREATED PEACE AND PROSPERITY
• GAINED AS MUCH POWER AS HE WANTED
PAX ROMANA
• “ROMAN PEACE” THAT LASTED FOR 200 YEARS
• TRADE FLOURISHED
• “ENDLESS FLOW OF GOODS”
GREEKS ROMANS
• INTERESTED IN IDEAS
• WANTED TO LEARN THE TRUTH OF THE WORLD THROUGH REASON
• ADMIRE THE GREEKS
• VISITED GREECE TO STUDY ART, ARCHITECTURE AND IDEAS ABOUT THE GOVERNMENT
GREEKS ROMANS
• DEVELOPED MATHEMATICS, PHILOSOPHY AND ASTRONOMY
• INTERESTED IN USING MATHEMATICS, PHILOSOPHY AND ASTRONOMY TO BUILD THINGS
SECTION 4
TEXTBOOK PAGES 190-193
ARCHITECTURE-THE SCIENCE OFBUILDING
GREEK INFLUENCE ON ROME
• ROMAN ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING BLOSSOMED
• THEY COPIED GREEK SCULPTURES AND ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
• ROME GOT THEIR ARCITECTURE FROM THE ETRUSANS AND THEN THE GREEKS
• ROME USEDARCHES
BUILDINGS WERE MADE OF:
• BRICKS, MARBLE AND CONCRETE
• CONCRETE WAS MADE USING STONE, SAND, CEMENT AND WATER
COLOSSEUM-SPORTS ARENA
• THE GREATEST ROMAN BUILDING
• AN ARENA THAT HELD 50,000 SPECTATORS
• THEY COULD HAVE MOCK NAVAL BATTLES
• STAIRWAYS, RAMPS, ELEVATORS
GLADIATORS
• FOUGHT IN THE COLOSSEUM TO THE DEATH
• FOUGHT AGAINST ONE ANOTHER OR ANIMALS
• THEY WERE SLAVES, PRISONERS OR CONDEMNED CRIMINALS
FORUM
• AT THE CENTER OF THE CITY
• CENTRAL MARKETPLACE
ROMAN ROAD
• THE ROAD SYSTEM WAS TWICE THE DISTANCE AROUND THE EARTH AT THE EQUATOR
• BUILT FOR TROOPS TO MOVE QUICKLY ROMAN ROAD
• COMMUNICATION
• CONNECTED ROME TO ITALY
AQUEDUCTS-STRUCTURES THAT CARRIED WATER OVER LONG DISTANCES
ROMANCE LANGUAGES LATIN-BASED LANGUAGES
• FRENCH
• SPANISH
• PORTUGUESE
• ITALIAN
• ROMANIAN
VIRGIL
• WROTE AN EPIC ABOUT ROMES’ BEGINNINGS
• PAID BUY OCTAVIAN AUGUSTUS
• IT TOOK 10 YEARS AND HE CALLED IT THE AENEID